MOON LOVERS: SCARLET HEART RYEO
One would not consider the formidable and nefarious
Queen Yoo to be mealy-mouth; she had let Wang So in on the murder conspiracy.
Poison was to be the ingredient to bump off the Crown Prince, Wang Yo’s rival. Though he was not privy to the nasty and inconvenient details,
she dared him to disrupt the plans. As one might have imagined, Wang So’s lie
of wanting to be king had not gone down well with her. She had set her sights
on becoming the future Queen Mother behind the throne of her favourite son,
Wang Yo, not him. There was little doubt that, with her clever murder plot, she
intended to remove Prince Wang Mu once and for all.
On the other hand, it was not a surprise that Yeon Hwa wanted Hae Soo dead since she was the obstacle to her
brother, Wang Wook’s ambition for the throne. The Eighth Prince, intended to
marry Hae Soo and bring her away from the palace. He had refused to be
embroiled in Goryeo court politics. But Hwangbo Yeon-Hwa was rallying her
brother to strive to be the next king so that their family and clan could be
protected.
Wang So was in a quandary; he was caught in the horrifying but meticulously planned murder.
When Wang So ingested the tea, the audience
might have held their breath. Was the tea poisoned or not poisoned? Even
though the Fourth Prince was resolute and calm in the face of adversity, his
agitation could be seen in his hands which he had difficulty in controlling. The
prince could feel that the poison had taken almost immediate effect. The slight
tremors in his hands were almost impossible to hide. As he held the cup for
another round of tea to be poured by Hae Soo, his hands were a little shaky.
Staring at Hae Soo as he partook of the
poisoned tea, he thought in wounded agony, ‘You’re poisoning me.’ One
could feel his intense personal misery but he had to stay mum about the plot. The
attempt to protect her was a testament to his great and enduring love for her
which, at this point in time, had remained unrequited.
It was impossible to second guess his
actions. He was slowly succumbing to the poison running through his body.
Would he remain silent in the face of his terrible suffering? Only the malevolent
conspirators, Queen Yoo and Wang Won AKA the lowlife, knew of his suffering. Yeon
Hwa must have been quivering in her seat. What happened was entirely unexpected.
One has little doubt about the insidious
effects of the poisoned tea on Wang So’s consciousness as he struggled to
overcome his pain. He quickly requested for King Taejo’s permission to leave.
Turning away, Wang So tried to control the
blood from dribbling down his mouth. With the haemorrhaging, blood began
dripping out of his mouth. He must have experienced difficulty in
breathing. It was apparent that his neck muscles had cramped, resulting in
the constriction of his neck veins. The veins popped out, forming horrible bulges.
Wang So’s eyes and face seemed to be swollen. He gasped for breath. Feeling increasingly dazed and
confused, he staggered after Hae Soo who was totally oblivious of his
suffering. Tears of helplessness threatened to drip from his eyes. His neck muscles constricted further and his body was thrown
into convulsions. Was there a creeping paralysis of his body?
Wang So tried to contain his emotions. His steps faltered. All
this while, he had been trying to slow down the effects of the poison. Then, he spurted out blood.
Hae So did not realise his presence until he slumped to the floor and lost consciousness.
This poignant moment is one of the most memorable scenes in the drama.
When Hae Soo reached him, she was in a panic.
Fate did not allow Wang So to die. He was able to survive because of his
strict martial arts training under Grand General Park Soo Kyung. After the Royal Physician had administered the antidote to halt the damage to his body, Wang So
recovered. Wang So lived to tell the tale of the vicious
plot.
Hae Soo, who had been grilled, tortured and implicated in the plot, was thrown into
prison to await
her punishment. The gravity of her crime demanded her life. Wang Wook visited
her and reported that Wang So’s life was saved by the timely and judicious administration of
the antidote.
Heaven and hell broke loose when the Crown Prince and Hae Soo
were accused of being conspirators in the attempted murder of the Fourth
Prince.
The litany of accusations, which discredited the two, was potentially devastating. Poison was found among Hae Soo’s belongings. But, in one surprising move, Park Young Gyu, Wang Yo’s father-in-law, accused the Crown Prince of trying to murder Wang So who supposedly was his rival for the Goryeo throne. He declared that a precious necklace was found with the poison. He implied that due to his close relationship with Hae Soo, Wang Mu must have gifted the jewellery to her. The evidence, though circumstantial, pointed to their conspiracy. There were sneaking suspicions that the accusations were false. In fact, it was obvious to the Goryeo royalty that the items had been surreptitiously planted in Hae Soo’s room.
Wang Wook raised doubts about the far-fetched accusations,
arguing that the poison had been intended for the Crown Prince.
No one could accuse the kind-hearted Wang Mu of wilful
blindness to reality. The Crown Prince was aggrieved and regretted that his
heir-apparent position had generated trouble for the innocent victims in the
diabolical palace plot. He pleaded with his father to appoint another
successor. But Taejo, going to the very heart of the matter, spelt out clearly why he was the chosen one. There was a distinction to be made. Wang Mu, the king’s
first born, was the son of Wang Geon, being born before the founding of
Goryeo. In contrast, the others were the sons of the King Taejo. The king had
an affinity with Wang Mu as they had shared a long history of fighting together side by side to
establish the kingdom and, he wanted to give his first son everything.
When Wang Wook reported to Wang So about the false accusations,
the latter revealed that Queen Yoo was the mastermind of the plot. Wang So
requested Wang Wook to stand up for Hae Soo. But, the Eighth Prince never did. Being a coward,
he appealed to Court Lady Oh to speak up for Hae Soo instead.
Soon after, Wang So visited Hae Soo. On seeing her tortured
body, his heart must have splintered into a thousand pieces. The young woman was
confused that he, the Fourth Prince, would even sacrifice his life for her, a
mere nobody. Who was she that he would do it for her? She was moved by his
sacrificial love and admitted that it would be harder for her to reject him from then onwards.
He smiled that funny smile of his and told her not to run away from him.
Since both of them had survived, they were destined to be together.
When Wang Wook discovered that Yeon Hwa was involved in the
murder attempt, he thundered at her recklessness. If her crime was exposed,
their family would be punished. Yeon Hwa was unrepentant; she had been bitterly resentful of the fact that her brother had discarded his chance to be king for a mere court lady.
Wang So was understandably distraught. When he went to Taejo to
plead for Hae Soo’s life, he displayed a maturity beyond his years. Love for
Hae Soo, which outweighed even personal concerns, had changed him. For the
first time in his life, Wang So boldly stood up to his father. Indignant that
the king had failed to conduct investigations with a fine-tooth comb, he
castigated his father for carelessly laying the blame of murder on an
innocent court lady, who was above suspicion. The king was being dominated by turbulent politics in the palace. In order to
protect the status quo and save his favourite son, the king would not hesitate put blameless victims to death. Taejo’s hands seemed to be shackled by the
powerful and untouchable queen and court officials who tried to pervert the
course of justice. He now
saw the king and his moral standards in a new perspective. A person in authority had to be
responsible and accountable for his deeds. ‘The owner of a sword must wield his sword properly.’
Wang Wook requested Court Lady Oh to intervene for Hae Soo. She,
in turn, questioned why he, himself, didn’t stand up for her despite
professing that he loved her dearly. Wang Wook proved to be Wang So’s inferior; he
did not have the edge that Wang So had. And that was fierce courage, passion
and determination for the girl he loved. Wang Wook, in short, was a coward.
Court Lady Oh predicted that one day, he would regret it.
But, Court Lady Oh did plead with Taejo to hang her instead of
Hae Soo. She was once the love of his life but he had cast her aside in
favour of Queen Yoo. The King did not believe her when she took the blame for the murder attempt. Having a painful terminal illness and
near death’s door, she requested that she be put out of her misery. Given
Goryeo’s political climate, Taejo had to admit defeat and abide by her final
request.
That Hae Soo was to die was too shocking a prospect for Wang So
to contemplate. When she was brought out to be hanged, he rushed there to
save her. Hae Soo was not waiting for him, but for her Eighth Prince, for their final meeting but Wang Wook was nowhere to be found. Stalling for time, Wang So protected her with his martial arts and swordsmanship prowess.
To Wang So’s relief, the astronomer appeared in time to
announce that Hae Soo was innocent and would be freed. It seemed that the culprit
was Concubine Oh who was to be hanged in Hae Soo’s place.
It was a sad goodbye for Hae Soo and Court Lady Oh. The older lady advised her to be vigilant every
step of the way as she was walking on thin ice in the palace.
It is a chilling example of evil, twisted ambition and the
whitewashing of justice.
None knew what had transpired between Taejo and Concubine
Oh. The politically experienced king was no country bumpkin; he certainly
knew about Queen Yoo’s conspiracy. It
was shocking news to everyone except Queen Yoo that Concubine Oh would be the sacrificial lamb.
Hae Soo refused to accept the reality of the situation and knelt in
front of the main palace to beg the king for mercy. But the king had already
decreed that Concubine Oh would die. Queen Hwangbo, who had also, in the past, been a victim of injustice, tried to talk the king out of it. The king remained resolute and unemotional.
As she knelt, it seemed that the heavens cried with her. The imagery of the pelting rain symbolises the protest of the heavens against the
injustice. The princes appeared but they, being cowardly and having the herd mentality, were
reluctant to join her.
But, Hae Soo's persistence and courage moved Wang So.
Wang Wook appeared but he, fearing the king’s wrath, also distanced
himself from her. He did not want to run the risk of being called a rebel
prince. Their romance was star-crossed. There was a question mark in her
mind. Did he really love her? Did the rain slowly wash away the love Hae Soo
had for Wang Wook? However, what was certain was her romance with Wang Wook would take
a turn for the worse in the future. He came up short compared to Wang So. His
cowardice pointed to the end of their romance.
The fact that Wang So, who was predestined for greatness, would
put his life on the line for Hae Soo showed her importance in his heart. This
resonates well with the audience.
Yin and Yang. White and Black. They were opposites: they complemented and completed each other. She was soft and full of emotion while he was hard and personified reason. Yet, Hae Soo and Wang So were on the same page. You cannot have one without the other. Yin and Yang symbolises the starting point for change.
Driven by his all-consuming love, the Fourth Prince, dressed in black robes with a white cummerbund, courageously and majestically stood in the driving rain, shielding her with his huge black cape while she knelt in her white robes. His heart must have been heavy knowing that she was frail and sick from the torture that had recently been inflicted on her.
When she felt faint, Wang So caught hold of her in his arms. His touch
was tender and his gaze was caring as he listened to her sobs. She couldn’t
imagine another person dying in her place. She didn’t want to live. It was a
poignant scene.
‘Yuanfen’. ‘Destiny’ and ‘Fate’. Wang So and Hae Soo’s meeting
with each other was ‘predestined’ and they were ‘fated’ to be with each
other.
In this unforgettable romantic scene, the handsome Goryeon prince, Wang So, made no secret of
his extraordinary love for his lovely beloved, Hae Soo.
In this awesome and picture-perfect scene, the two are flanked by two huge solid columns as the rain lashed at them. The courage, passion and strength that the Fourth Prince had so far displayed must have made her realise that he truly loved her. His level of courage parallelled hers and made his love greater, deeper and truer than that of Wang Wook’s. His angsty emotions were deeply moving. The Fourth Prince must have slowly but surely crept into Hae Soo’s heart. |
Wednesday, 31 July 2019
Moon Lovers: Scarlet Heart Ryeo Episode 11
Monday, 29 July 2019
Moon Lovers: Scarlet Heart Ryeo Episode 10
MOON LOVERS: SCARLET HEART RYEO
THE HAIR BROOCH
Wang So had to address a key question: Did Hae Soo love him? There
was not a scintilla of doubt in his mind that she loved him. He equated her
friendship with love. His rainmaker victory had affected his judgement and he
forced his kiss on her. When Hae Soo did not respond to his passionate
kisses, he knew that his love was not reciprocated. His eyes were troubled. Perhaps,
a romantic atmosphere would change her mind.
On the spur of the moment, Wang So whisked her off on his
stallion to a beautiful beach. Their secret departure from the palace that
night had been witnessed by Wang Jung.
Hae Soo warned him that both of them would not be safe once the palace discovered their nocturnal foray outside the palace walls. He asked her
whether they should elope then. If she insisted, he would do it for her sake.
Wang So revealed that should he leave Songak one day, he would bring her there. It was just the kind of romantic moment against a glorious backdrop that Wang So had envisioned for himself and Hae Soo. He hoped that it would spark her love for him.
The beach was swathed in half-darkness; the moonlight threw it
in relief. The black rocks and the water which swelled around them shimmered
in the light. Silence reigned except for the lapping of the waves. The sea
had a calming effect on them. They stood on the beach silhouetted against the
moonlight, watching the seething blur of waves and feeling the salty tang of
the sea on their lips.
Then, he turned. While glancing at her, he must have felt a
tingle of pleasure. He shared with her his deep-seated feelings which had previously
been shrouded in darkness like the scenery before them. Wang So confided that
he was stumped by the fact that he had always been forced to leave after his
short stint in Songak. He insisted that he had never brought misfortune to
the others and he wasn’t a beast who slaughtered animals for sport and fun.
It was an intimate moment; he had opened his heart and soul to
her. He had explained to her clearly who he was. He looked at her for her
response.
The audience probably had visions of him slaughtering the
wolves in the mountains of Shinju; he had to fight for his life. They also had
visions of him in beast mode, cruelly slaughtering the stallion which had
brought him back from Shinju. He had been cast adrift from his family but
there and then, he was determined not to be a hostage for a minute longer.
Hae Soo’s heart melted. Her earnest wish for him was he should
live his life with ease and happiness, without spilling blood. But, would he
go beserk and run amok in the future? Was it too far-fetched to imagine him to be a ruthless monarch?
The Fourth Prince promised her that he would accompany her throughout his
journey in life. Wang So was in the dark that she had already given her heart
to another man. Perhaps, it wasn't the perfect time to solve the love triangle as the
determined Wang So was undeterred. As long as the man was not Baek Ah, his
best friend and the only male sibling who understood him, it was of no paramount importance to him. He was too confident of himself to question her.
The romantic night fostered a sense of intimacy. Wang So
reminded her that when Yeon Hwa hit her, he had already considered Hae Soo to
be ‘His Person’. He had staked his territory there and then. She belonged to him now.
Then, he took out a hair brooch that was decorated with a white
lotus flower and red ginseng berries and presented it to her saying, ‘I’ve wanted to give you this.’
White signifies purity and
devotion. The sacred lotus, a Buddhist symbol, is imagined to be the seat of
the Buddha. The lotus flower will only grow in the mud. It rises from dirt
and only shows its beauty for a brief amount of time each year. Like the
lotus flower, Wang So grew up in the darkness (mud) in Shinju. He faced many
obstacles, sufferings and a life of loneliness. Through determination and
perseverance, he had risen like the lotus flower towards the sun and bloomed.
The tough and hardened ‘beast’ has transformed into a civilized human being.
And, as a lotus, he was full of love and devotion to Hae Soo who had shown
kindness towards him. As each petal opened one by one, one could see not only
his wisdom, strength, maturity, humanity but also his vulnerability.
The ginseng plant, with the red
ginseng berries, symbolises health and strength.
Smiling, Wang So took her hand and placed the hair brooch in
her hands. He must have wrestled with the temptation to pin it on her hair
but instead, he told her flippantly that she could throw it away if she so
desired. Perhaps, he secretly hoped to find it nestled in her hair one day.
Dawn broke. The spell was broken. They headed for the palace in
silence. On the way back, they met two worried brothers, Wang Wook and Wang
So. The princes wanted to take over the responsibilty of bringing her back. Cocking his head, Wang So held Hae Soo and
the reins of the horse more tightly. He stated emphatically that the king had
already given Hae Soo to him. Fearful that the hostile atmosphere might lead
to a serious altercation between Wang So and Wang Wook, Hae Soo insisted on going
back with Wang So. A slight smugness curved the Fourth Prince’s lips.
Court Lady Oh was none too pleased with their tryst but
Wang So was defiant. She warned Hae Soo to be extra cautious and tread
carefully in the palace to protect herself. Foolhardiness would land her in
real trouble.
When Wang Wook and Wang Yo were honing their archery skills,
the latter boasted that if he had a picture of his enemy in his head, he
wouldn’t miss his target. He would hit bullseye.
But, before long, the reckless young lady was in hot soup
again. Wang Wook and Hae Soo had a
secret rendezvous in a cave, far away from prying eyes of the palace
residents. He was clearly rattled by her relationship with Wang So. Compared
to the passionate Wang So, the Eighth Prince, seemed pretty tame in their
romantic relationship. While proposing marriage to her, he was shocked by the unexpected appearance of Court Lady Oh.
When applying makeup on Wang So’s
face on another ocassion, Hae Soo gently raised the issue of their relationship since she felt that he couldn't differentiate between love and friendship. Wang So had mistaken her friendship with him to be romantic love.
To Wang So, there was no difference between the two. Love was synonymous with
friendship; they were inter-wined. Hae Soo was the centre of his universe and he was determined to win her heart. The passionate young prince did not, for even a moment, entertain any rejection by her.
Baek Ah and Woo Hee met again when he arrived at the gyobang to play music for
the dancers. He surprised to discover that the beautiful but high and mighty
young lady was a gisaeng, a courtesan at his royal father's court.
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THE
NINTH DAY
OF
THE
NINTH LUNAR MONTH
CELEBRATIONS
Jungyangjeol, the Korean equivalent of the Chinese Double Nine festival (Ninth Day of the Ninth Lunar Month), had arrived. The Goryeo royal court had kick-started the celebrations and festivities with much fun.
But, it was going to be a life-defining day for Wang So, the
Fourth Prince. After the celebrations were over, he would be returning to
Shinju according to his royal father’s mandate.
The king, Queen Yoo and Queen Hwangbo and their off-springs
were present to celebrate the auspicious day. Two princes were conspicuously absent. Wang Yo had been sent
out by King Taejo to inspect the grain storehouses in every region of the Goryeo kingdom. It was learnt later that Wang Eun, the Tenth Prince had
woken up late.
The royal family played a collaborative game with a juryyeonggu,
a 14-sided dice with Chinese characters. The game involved food,
drink, song and dance. The dice would be thrown and a member of the royal family
would be chosen to ‘recite a poem’, ‘sing a song’,
or ‘guzzle down some liquor’.
Infectious laughter dominated the gathering.
A dice rolled. It stopped at the
Chinese characters ‘Link arms and take a drink’. It was Baek Ah who
had rolled the dice. He had the privilege to choose any of his family members to
play the game with him.
Choi Ji Mong teased King Taejo
as it seemed, for obvious reasons, no one had dared to choose him to play the
game. His queens dissolved into fits
of laughter.
Baek Ah moved dramatically up
and down the aisle trying to pick a prince to play the game with him. One prince
was particularly tense and that was the one he picked. Wang Jung.
They had to link arms and take wine
together. Wang Jung protested that he was a man. Why would he want to link arms
and drink with Baek Ah? Choi Ji Mong pronounced it was bad luck to reject it.
There was no escape. Wang Jung’s royal mother, Queen Yoo was amused by her
son’s embarrassment. So was everyone.
As Wang Mu reached out for his
cup of wine, Wang So observed him closely. Nothing unusual seemed to have happened
to the Crown Prince.
Then, King Taejo introduced a collaborative
game of poetry recitation. The king started the game by reciting verses plucked from a Chinese poem. The
next player was expected to continue reciting the poem.
‘First.
A round flower blooming high in the tree. It is as if you’ve seen the
celestial poles.’
He then turned to Queen Hwangbo.
‘Second. Pure yellow, as yet untainted,
is the colour of the earth.’
Wang Wook was next. ‘Third. To take root early and bloom late
is a great virtue.’
Then, it was Baek Ah’s turn. ‘Fourth. A flower that blooms in the snow
symbolises integrity.’
Baek Ah playfully pointed to
Wang Jung. If Wang Eun had been there, the simple-minded and unscholarly
prince would have been the victim. Having interest only in martial arts, Wang Jung fumbled for ideas; he appeared at a loss for words.
Wang Won, the Ninth Prince, came
to his rescue. ‘Fifth. A petal in a cup of
wine is worthy of the gods.’ With a patronizing smile, Wang Won explained to Wang Jung that it was
the poem written about the chrysanthemum
flower by the Chinese poet, Zhong Hui.
King Taejo and Queen Hwangbo burst
out laughing. King Taejo praised Wang Won but quietly admonished his fourteenth
son for failing to be studious. Queen Yoo was far from
being amused. It reflected on her bad parenting; she had not given her physically
active youngest son a thorough grounding on Chinese literature.
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THE POISONED TEA
The king deemed that it was time for refreshments after everyone had their share of fun. He
suggested that the court ladies bring out the chrysanthemum tea, which was
known for good health.
Yeon Hwa, who harboured a grudge against Hae Soo, was smiling like a Cheshire cat. She had already put her plans into action. But, she had not expected the strange turn of events. ‘Man proposes, God
disposes’. Yeon Hwa urged Court Lady Oh to fetch the tea. Wang So, who had
been quite observant, was troubled. Was Court Lady Oh the one who would be
implicated in the murder of Wang Mu?
Hae Soo was in the palace kitchen preparing the chrysanthemum
tea for the royal family. The court lady who was supposed to serve Prince
Wang Mu tea requested that Hae Soo replaces her. Having been instructed by
Court Lady Oh not to serve the princes for the moment, Hae Soo objected to
the suggestion. But, the other Court Lady, pretending to feel faint from her
terrible cold, conveniently dropped the teapot.
The Twist In The Tale. Wang So stood up and requested for permission to make a short toast to the
Crown Prince.
Then, out of the corner of his eye, he saw Hae Soo approaching
with a pot of tea. When Hae Soo placed the pot of Chrysanthemum tea on Wang
Mu’s table, he was confused; he couldn’t make sense of the murder plot at
first.
Wang So’s heart thumped like a sledgehammer and his stomach
churned with dread. From the looks of things, the court lady who would be
implicated in Wang Mu’s murder would be Hae Soo. What was unexpected
in the chess game of politics was Hae Soo, the love of Wang So’s life, was
the pawn who had been unknowingly manipulated to deliver the deadly poisoned
tea to the Crown Prince.
It dawned on Wang So the full significance of
poisoned tea - Hae Soo would be sacrificed if Prince Wang Mu died. The
conspirators would be killing two birds with one stone.
It was a critical moment, and Wang So did not
want Hae Soo to be caught up in the conflict of the princes. Queen Yoo was brimming
with confidence and venom.
The moment of truth had arrived. There was no denying that, in
that defining moment, the Fourth Prince would show Hae Soo the stuff he was
made of. His kind of love came only once in a lifetime.
Thinking quickly on his feet, the intelligent and quick-witted
Wang So apologised to his older brother for the trouble he had caused in the
recent past.
Wang So offered to drink three
cups of the tea to wish Prince Wang Mu well and to cement the idea
that nothing would rent their brotherly ties asunder. The act was to deflect
Wang Mu’s attention and prevent him from drinking the tea.
The Crown Prince instructed Hae Soo to hand the Chrysanthemum
tea to him. Wrongly assuming that the teacup had been laced with poison, Wang So purposely let the teacup slip from his hands. He swiftly explained that
the cup slipped because his hands had been stained by oil from the
Chrysanthemum biscuits. Yeon Hwa was worried. A new cup was brought.
Wang So toasted the first cup of tea to the Crown Prince’s
longevity.
The second cup of tea was to wish Wang Mu success in war as he
continued to fight for Goryeo.
Looking quizzically at his mother, he realised that there was
no poisoned cup. She confirmed it with the tilt of her head that she had
lied. Failing to understand complicated palace politics, Wang So had been
gullible enough to have believed all her lies.
He was oblivious to the fact that the chrysanthemum tea, not
the tea cup, was poisoned until that very last moment. It was already too
late. He had already drunk two cups but he couldn’t stop. The third cup of
poisoned tea was waiting for him.
Staring at Hae Soo, he silently thought to himself, ‘I’m drinking poison that you’ve poured
me.’ She was ignorant of the fact that she was killing him.
With the third cup, he stated that his wish was their
friendship would never change even if conspirators sowed discord between them.
Wang Won felt uncomfortable because he was the one of those who
tried to destroy their friendship. The king felt guilty because he had been
swayed by palace politics.
Wang So eyed Hae Soo as he drank the poisoned drink. He glanced at Queen Yoo but she seemed unmoved. One wouldn’t wish one’s rival to
be poisoned but the cold and heartless queen was unperturbed that her
biological son had drunk 3 cups of poisoned tea!
Wang Mu was touched by Wang So’s toasts. Having a soft spot for
the Fourth Prince, he pleaded with their royal father to rescind his order of
sending him back to Shinju.
The poison had already taken effect. Wang So excused himself and tried to
act normally.
As he staggered off, he tried hard to control his pain with his
martial arts skills. Blood dribbled down his tremulous mouth. His neck
veins convulsed and popped out. Even though he was in great distress, he hung
on with grim determination until he was out of sight.
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